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 Telivision Broadcasting 

Television (TV) is a widely used telecommunication medium for sending (broadcasting) and receiving moving images, either monochromatic ("black and white") or color, usually accompanied by sound. "Television” may also refer specifically to television programming or television transmission.  

Television stations employee staff according to their size and needs. Large stations typically employ about 350 to 400 peop1e and may be divided into a dozen or so different departments.  In  contrast,  small  stations  may  employ  only 20  to  30  people  and  have  only  a  few departments. Regardless of size, however, the typical station performs at least four primary activities:

  1. programming

  2. sales

  3. engineering

  4. administration  

 Television station departments : 

The station manager oversees the day-to-day operations of Television station. He/she ensures that all staffs’ duties are completed. The job of station manager can be defined with following duties:

  1. Oversees staff members with respect to their duties and responsibilities.

  2. Interviews applicants for staff positions and decides on the hiring and discharging of staff.

  3. Processes all equipment purchases.

  4. Prepare quarterly report related to the overall performance status of Television station and propose plans for improvement.

  5. Arranges payment and other expenses.Works with Program Director on any format changes.

  6. Works with Public Relations Director on promotions and community relations.

  7. Arranges and chairs all staff meetings with an agenda.

  8. Maintains memberships and contacts with official organizations for Television stations.

The programming department puts together locally produced programs and handles the programming functions of the station. The programming department is in charge of everything that goes out over the air, whether it is produced locally, fed by the network, or purchased from an organization.Thus, decisions regarding what programs should be broadcast and the times at which they should be broadcast are made by the programming manager and his or her staff in consultation with the general manager and other station personnel. Producers, directors, writers, camera people, on-the air talent, announcers, floor personnel, makeup artists, costumers, and editors are part of the programming department. Depending on the size of the station, the news department may operate either under the programming department or as an independent division. News is composed of the news director, reporters, and editors and writers responsible for the station's newscasts. 

 

The main function of a sales department is to attract and retain customers either for advertising or programs (drama, shows etc).

  1. Sales activities need to been coordinated i.e., to meet the customer demand with appropriate supply.

  2. The next is to increase the sales volume considering a particular period of time. Then to find appropriate persons/ agencies to carry out the sales activities.

  3. They department analyzes the demands of markets.

  4. The members study the consumer's psychology, study market fluctuations, prepare sale budgets, explore new markets and the process begins again - attract and retain customers, etc.

 

The engineering department is meant for manufacturing. It includes enhancing productivity, process standardization, training etc. An engineering department carries out any repairs necessary on exiting tooling, make new tools fixtures that are required, and even possibly handle production.

 

The administration and business department helps the general manager. The administration consists of the performance or management of business operations and thus the making or implementing of major decisions.The station's legal counsel, secretarial and clerical help, accountants, and bookkeepers work in this department. 

 

 

 Elements of Broadcast Television 

There are a several major parts that are required in order to receive television broadcasts. They include an image source, a sound source, a transmitter, a receiver, a display device, and a sound device.

 Image Source: 

The image source can be defined as the program. It can be a movie, TV show, news program, etc. The image source is just the source’s video and does not include the sound. The image source is usually recorded on camera or flying spot scanner

 Sound Source: 

Once the image source is obtained, for e.g. a video of a movie, sound is needed to complete the medium. The sound source is the TV program’s audio signal, whether coming from a movie, TV show, news program, etc. It can come in the form of mono, stereo, or even digitally processed surround sound.

 Transmitter: 

A transmitter is what sends both audio and video signals over the air waves. Transmitters usually transmit more than one signal (TV channel) at a time. A transmitter modulates both picture and sound into one signal then sends this transmission over a wide range for a receiver (TV set) to receive.

 Receiver:

A receiver (TV set) receives the transmitted signals (TV programs) and turns radio waves, which include audio and video signals, into useful signals that can be processed into an image and sound.

 Display Device: 

This is either a TV set or monitor. A display device has the technology to turn the electrical signals received into visible light. On a standard TV set, this includes the CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) technology.

 Sound Device: 

The sound devices are usually speakers that are either built into the TV set or that accompany the TV set and turn electrical signals into sound waves to play audio along with the video images.

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